"Vincent
van Gogh was born near Brabant, the
son of a minister. In 1869, he got a position at the art
dealers, Goupil and Co. in The Hague, through his uncle,
and worked with
them until he was dismissed from the
London office in 1873. He worked as a schoolmaster in
England (1876), before training for the ministry at
Amsterdam University (1877). After he failed to get a
post in the Church, he went to live as an independent
missionary among the Borinage miners.
"He was largely self-taught as an artist, although
he received help from his cousin, Mauve. His first works
were heavily painted, mud-colored and clumsy attempts
to represent the life of the poor (e.g. Potato-Eaters,
1885,
Amsterdam), influenced by one of his artistic heroes,
Millet. He moved to Paris in 1886, living with his
devoted brother, Theo, who as a dealer introduced him to
artists like Gauguin, Pissarro, Seurat and
Toulouse-Lautrec. In Paris, he discovered color as well
as the divisionist ideas which helped to create the
distinctive dashed brushstrokes of his later work (e.g.
Pere Tanguy, 1887, Paris). He moved
to Arles, in the
south of France, in 1888, hoping to establish an artists'
colony there, and was immediately struck by the hot reds
and yellows of the Mediterranean, which he increasingly
used symbolically to represent his own moods (e.g.
Sunflowers, 1888, London, National Gallery). He was
joined briefly by Gauguin in October 1888, and managed
in some works to combine his own ideas with the latter's
Synthetism (e.g. The Sower, 1888, Amsterdam), but the
visit was not a success. A final argument led to the
infamous episode in which Van Gogh mutilated his ear.
"In 1889, he became a voluntary patient at the St.
Remy asylum, where he continued to paint, often making
copies of artists he admired. His palette softened to
mauves and pinks, but his brushwork was increasingly
agitated, the dashes constructed into swirling, twisted
shapes, often seen as symbolic of his mental state (e.g.
Ravine, 1889, Otterlo). He moved to Auvers,
to be closer
to Theo in 1890 - his last 70 days spent in a hectic
program of painting. He died, having sold only one work,
following a botched suicide attempt. His life is detailed
in a series of letters to his brother (published 1959)."
Web Gallery of Art